Business Book Summaries

Walt Disney built one of the most durable firms in American economic history. The firm is so ingrained in our culture that in 1993 Disney actually found buyers for one-hundred-year bonds, known as “Sleeping Beauties.”

It seems that Walt learned not only to look back nostalgically, but also to get half the world to look at this era wearing his rose-coloured glasses. It seems that Walt learned early on how to nurture creativity despite a hard-hearted environment. This was perfect training for Hollywood. Walt Disney was destined to invent Fantasyland.

Disney launched Laugh-O-Gram with two principles in mind: First, he did not want to be anybody’s employee. Second, Disney wanted to leapfrog current technology.

Half a century before Bill Gates and Steve Jobs tinkered in their garages, Walt Disney dragged a stopaction camera into his garage and started experimenting with more sophisticated drawings. The results were stunning. Because the figures looked like more than paper cut-outs, the characters could have some personality.

Walt Disney’s movies were stunning innovations. But Disney did not fool himself into thinking he was a creative genius like Shakespeare or Picasso. Since every major film could potentially bankrupt his studio, he knew that he also had to focus on making money – or else he would be tossed out of the turbulent industry.

Disney’s innovations did not stop at merchandising the characters on the screen. We must give him credit for teaching the business world the importance of speed too. While other companies might have produced toys based on popular characters, Disney pressed to get those toys and gadgets out sooner – before the characters burst onto the big screen.

Even where Disney had no commercial tie-in, firms often profited as “free riders.” Economists call a firm a free rider if it benefits from another firm’s activities but does not pay for their benefit. This can also be called a “positive externality.”

Walt’s ultimate success with Disneyland brings us to another lesson: The CEO should not be a snob (though Estee lauder had no trouble going after the pocketbooks of snobs). The revival of Disney studio business and the stunning launch of Disneyland in the 1950s were powered by television. If Walt had been snobbish about a new medium called television, Disneyland would not have been an international smash, and his films would have limped along underfinanced.

Television did not just make Disney. Disney made television.

Walt Disney died a very wealthy man, but he did not plunder from his shareholders along the way. Remember, his reigning symbols were a mouse and a duck, not a pig and a wolf.

Walt lived long enough to see Julie Andrews mesmerize audiences as Mary Poppins. It would be easy to wrap Walt Disney’s image up in the American flag and say he was an American saint who only brought joy to children. Was he Mother Teresa? Hell no! He did bring lots of joy to children, but creating joy in children often meant bringing some tears to his staff.

He worked hard and was quick to rip into the inferior work of another cartoonist. No doubt he was sometimes unfair and short-tempered. But he never cheated his chief clients – the children in the audience. Nor did he ever rip off his shareholders. No, he was not Mother Teresa or even Mary Poppins. But the refracted light of America’s great creative geniuses, Thomas Edison and Ben Franklin, certainly shone more than a few rays upon him.

Despite a hard and humbling youth and the harsh discipline of a father who could not keep a job, Walk Disney knew, like Edison and Franklin, that he was destined to become a symbol. During the 1920s, while struggling for an advertising agency, Disney was asked by Ubbe Iwwerks to join in a poker game. Walt declined. He said he was too busy toiling on some sketches? Walt was actually practicing his signature, that simple yet stylish script that instantly tells adults and children that creative fun waits just around the corner, just after the commercial break.

Would you like to read the full summary of Lasting Lessons from the Corner Office?  Please visit BusinessSummaries.com.

The Big Idea
If you’re going to do business in China, then you need to go to China. You must be on the ground conducting business on a day-to-day basis. Businesses that are managed remotely generally fail in China. You cannot make decisions or carry on negotiations on a one day business trip to China made every six months; you need relationships, understanding, and expertise.

Many entrepreneurs have found that in their years of working in China, no serious non-Chinese competition has emerged, largely because nobody sent anyone to come and live in China, get under the skin of the country, and understand how the system worked.

Why You Need This Book
Made it in China shares the insights of a group of non-Chinese entrepreneurs who give their first-hand account of their experiences in the country. These are people who have gone to China, invested their own money, gotten their hands dirty, and built successful businesses. These people are the real deal and (at the time of writing) are all actively working in (and on) their businesses in China.

This practical and entertaining book talks about the challenges faced by business entrepreneurs and how these were met, with their own observations and thoughts for dealing with each situation.

The series is intended for business-people, students, and anyone else who wants to know:

Where are the current business hotspots?

What’s happening in these places?

What are the most up-to-date business practices and thinking around the world?

What can I learn from these techniques and how do I implement them in my business?

Manufacturing in China
Paul Stepanek moved a Mid-West manufacturing company in China where he remained and ran the factory. The company grew and Paul got the opportunity to open and run other factories in China. After 7 years, Paul set up USActive, a consultancy specializing in helping foreign financial institutions and manufacturing companies with their initiatives in China.

He has made it in China by making things in China and by helping others to make it in China.

HOW TO MANUFACTURE IN CHINA
There are two main business models for manufacturing companies that want to manufacture in China:

Contract the manufacturing to an established factory.

LESSONS LEARNED
Here are lessons to be learned in having a happy manufacturing experience in China:

Communicating properly includes following up on a regular basis to ensure that the understanding is reinforced through the process.

The costs in China can be so much lower than they are in Western markets and the desire to outsource to China is often driven by costs. This encourages cost cutting in all areas of the business. Patience and persistence do pay off. Whether in setting (and maintaining!) the vision and values of your company or dealing with suppliers – patience and persistence have always proven to be effective.

Selling to the Chinese Market: Building a Chinese Sales Army
JC Lim’s entrepreneurial career was nearly cut short before it began. After a shaky start, JC found that he had an aptitude for sales and rapidly became his company’s highest achieving salesman. He so impressed the company that they sent him to Hong Kong where he was appointed as the sales manager and was charged with turning around the failing business.

ELEMENTS OF PAY STRUCTURE
Unlike Western practices, there isn’t simply basic pay and commission. Instead pay is structured as a number of different elements which reflect historic practices in China. Allowance for nutrition.

Filial fund: a fund to recognize the Chinese practice of sending money back home to parents.

New Year allowance: to recognize that people might need to buy some new clothes for the holiday.

Festivity Fund.

Transport Allowance.

Communications Allowance so that people can get themselves a cell phone.

Entertainment Allowance.

LESSONS LEARNED
It is extremely beneficial to learn from China’s history. The history of the Chinese people shows their resilience and adaptability. Find how to use the talents of the people you have rather than look for people who fit a preconceived notion. Enthusiastic people will always make the best employees.

Care for your people and get involved – it shows when you’re faking it. However, remember you are the boss. When you come to deal with the Chinese market, your product should be appropriate for the Chinese people. Take the time to train people properly and then make the training an ongoing process.

Try and work in the Chinese way and not the Western way.

Start-Ups in China: Get In, Get Money, Get Out, Nobody Gets Hurt
Richard Robinson’s focus as an entrepreneur is in creating new businesses, focusing on the sweet spot where media/entertainment and disruptive technologies intersect. Currently, Rich is the CEO of a business he co-founded – Kooky Panda Ltd – which creates socially connected casual mobile games using Flash Lite. In addition to this he is an angel investor and board member/advisor to a number of companies.

LESSONS LEARNED
Here are the lessons Rich learned from his success in China:

China is a cheap place to fail: you can bootstrap a company and burn for a much longer time while you figure out your company’s “destiny”. As anywhere, the more milestones that can be reached, the lower the risk and the higher the valuation for future rounds, and China is a greater place to tick off those milestones.

Having a solid China story can help with future fund raising.

China is a great outsourcing destination. Thomas Friedman got it right when he said that China will not be content with only being the world’s factory and leaving India to be the world’s office. China wants to be the world’s office and it is starting to drink India’s milkshake. Getting a few lieutenants who can speak English to coordinate with partners is key to leveraging China as an outsourcing base.

Negotiating in China: The Great Conjuring Trick
Graham Jeal is a British entrepreneur who founded Shanghai Vision in 2002. While in China Graham found himself negotiating with developers, property management companies, staff, and officials on a regular basis, and learned the tricks of the trade at first hand. He is now a veteran of smoky rooms, the extremes of endless Chinese meals, lawyer tantrums, and some dubious negotiating tactics.

Each business relationship has a shelf life and follows distinct phases:

The first phase is the getting to know each other phase. The second phase is the most productive phase where both parties are working together in a constructive manner. The third phase is where one party starts to take advantage of the other party, often by introducing unrealistic demands. One party takes the other party for granted: perhaps they have the money in the bank and see little reason for cultivating the relationship going forward.

LESSONS LEARNED
Here are some of the main lessons Graham learned during his time haggling in China:

Prepare to negotiate in China, not in a Western environment.

Everybody’s Number-One Challenge: Human Resources
Bob Boyce’s first restaurant was started because it was difficult to find straightforward, casual Western food at a reasonable price. By chance his room mate at the time worked in the restaurant business in Guangzhou, southern China. The two decided to give the food and beverage business a shot together.

LESSONS LEARNED
Here are some big lessons to remember:

Take the time to understand people and get to grips with the Chinese culture as best as you can – even if only so that you can understand when you are doing something that your people may find uncomfortable.

Hire great people. If you are training people, then enthusiasm counts far more than untested claims of experience that may be coupled with a poor attitude. Once you’ve got great people, then good processes will help these people succeed.

Fostering Creativity in China
Montgomery Singman (Monte) is the founder and CEO of Radiance Digital Entertainment, a Shanghai based online game producer and publisher that now employs over 100 people in Shanghai.

Monte looks at the challenges of finding the creativity in people who have been indoctrinated for generations with Confucian conformity and where creativity has been systematically removed over the last two generations.

LESSONS LEARNED
It takes time for certain ideas to sink in with your Chinese customers or employees. For some Chinese people in some areas – especially when it comes to management techniques – you have to show them how to do it. Hire Chinese people to manage Chinese people. This philosophy came from a Chinese saying, “use the foreigners to control the foreigners.” Learn from this ancient lesson.

Don’t count on everything going as planned because it won’t, especially in a creative industry, especially in China.

Creative people will not respond well to this.

Chinese Style Risk Management: The Need to Diversity
All Scott knew was there was a lot of energy being directed to look at China by big American corporations. Scott talks about how he grew his business and how he constantly challenges himself to diversify and stay ahead. For Scott, diversification has been both a growth and a risk management strategy.

LESSONS LEARNED
As a basic operating principle, most businesses in China diversify. The common non-Chinese reason for diversification is applicable in China, but is not the key motivator. Instead many businesses diversify so that if one enterprise gets closed down or fails there will still be others generating income.

Make sure the business has growth and scale potential.

Everyone gets sucked into the China philosophy where things are so cheap. That is a dangerous mentality to maintain – you still need to pay for quality, but make sure you put money in the right place.

Exploring the Road Less Traveled
Grace Liu is an ABC: an American-born Chinese. Both her parents were born in China but immigrated to the States where Grace was born and grew up. It introduced her to Jian Ping Li (JP), the person who was to become her business partner.

Since that shaky start, Grace and JP have together built Asianera into an internationally recognized brand whose unique hand-painted porcelain is now seen on fashionable dinner tables, and in high-end shops and restaurants around the world.

LESSONS LEARNED
If you’re a manufacturer, you can’t compete on price alone. Eventually there will be a lower cost manufacturer somewhere else. China will not be the lowest cost center of the world forever.

Good, honest, hard-working, and trustworthy Chinese business partners do exist. It will help a great deal toward product and brand differentiation.

Resilience and Persistence
Henry Winter arrived in Hong Kong looking to get into the music business but found this tough as he had no music business experience. Henry couldn’t crack the music industry through conventional means so he started his own music marketing company, Groove Street. This evolved into an interactive agency which introduced some highly innovative business ideas including being the first agency to execute a text (SMS) message marketing campaign in China.

While there have been many innovations, the business has had a bumpy ride, but few other businesses demonstrates so well, and in such practical terms, the necessity to be resilient and persistent in order to survive in China.

LESSONS LEARNED
Take the money, then renegotiate! All valuable business partnerships evolve over time, based on the changing value that the parties can bring to the table. If the other side offers to buy, and won’t budge from their price – SELL! If you really are worth more, they will realize they need additional service/help and will be willing to pay a fair price for it. This applies to getting work from big clients, and getting cash from investors. Don’t get stuck on price, get the deal done!

•    To get investment, you need a bidding war, no matter how low the bidding starts. Investors need motivation to pull the trigger and wire the money NOW. No amount of spreadsheets or business plans can supply that sharp poke. Intelligent people naturally dislike repetitive simple things. No – we invented chess and World of Warcraft to stimulate our minds. Intelligent people naturally seek to make things more complicated which equates to more interesting work.

BusinessSummaries.com is a business book summaries service.  Every week, it sends out to subscribers a 9- to 12-page summary of a best-selling business book chosen from among the hundreds of books printed out in the United States.  For more information, please go to http://www.bizsum.com.

Find the Power to Never Feel Powerless Again
By Guy Finley

The Big Idea
Open your eyes to the wise and gentle presence of a bright new power that already lives within you… enter its timeless kingdom where fear, doubt, and despair cannot tread.

The Essential Laws of Fearless Living is a step-by-step manual for all who aspire to realize their ultimate potential as a human being. In its seven chapters of forty concise essays, Guy Finley explores deeply personal and meaningful ideas, revealing the secrets of the universe itself; but he does so in a way that makes the journey fascinating, compelling, and comforting at the same time.

A great hope fills the heart that the untold mystery of human existence has not only been revealed, but solved.

Why You Need This Book
This valuable, step-by-step book brilliantly presents the most important key to the breakthrough life. This book will bring you multiple ways to awaken your potential with what you are today.

readers are given specific insights and practical exercises that empower them to make real and lasting changes in their lives. Loneliness, stress, anger, and fear are replaced by contentment, ease, compassion, and freedom that never fade away.

Welcome the Light that Makes Life Bright

Let Go and Grow Beyond the Limitation of Illusions
There is no brighter gift, no greater potential given to us human beings, than the presence of a timeless Light within us whose power makes all things possible. Its celestial character knows we have not been created to live as the captives of any fearful condition, let alone those we unconsciously create for ourselves.

Before we can hope to let go of all that is not our own – with all of the painful relationships attending these mistaken conclusions – we must be able to see them as much, beginning with this revelation: No fearful sense of limitation or inadequacy belongs to our True Self. We must begin the necessary work of welcoming the Light that leads to letting go; our soul task is to release ourselves from an unconscious relationship with a false self whose imagined conclusions – about how to find lasting peace – are the secret source of conflict on this planet.

Then, liberated by the Light of understanding, we will enter and know –  as our own – a brand new world in which happiness and wholeness are one and the same.

Special Key Lessons in Review
The main reason to hold our chin up whenever some negative thought tries to drag us down is that whichever direction we choose in that moment is the one we will follow. To flee the fight, or be the Light, that is the question!

Knowledge without Spirit is like finding yourself on a cold night with all the wood in the world and not a flame with which to light it.

If you will do what you are doing in the moment, you cannot undo yourself.

One thing that makes negative states so difficult to drop is the illusion they create within us that no choice exists other than to cave in to their punishing presence. But, in truth, it is not we who are without choice in such moments: it is the negative state that has no choice but to disappear once we remember that no darkness is greater than the Light.

Build the Foundation of a Fearless Life

Be Your True Self and Be Fearless
The following three insights are designed to help us look at our old, familiar fearful reactions in a whole new way. But taken altogether, these key ideas tell the story of a whole new kind of self-understanding powerful enough to penetrate fear’s protective shell – dispelling both the feared and the fearful at once. The Light that remains is freedom.

Self-awakening, and the new order of freedom that attends it, begins within seeing through what is not real, just as freedom from the terror of a nightmare begins with discovering you’ve been asleep, having a bad dream.

Start today, this very moment, to cut yourself loose from any fear that promises that freedom from its troubled presence will be found somewhere outside of you. Stop looking for an answer to what pains you; don’t try to resolve the presence of a fear with the same mind that creates it.

Special Key Lessons in Review
Fear is the bitter fruit that grows out of this unchallenged belief: Unless we struggle to satisfy our own desires, we shall never know fulfilment.

Fear and anger – as is true of all negative states – are “undercover agents.” Their “soul” task, in any moment of conflict with life, is to rush in and cover up any possible impression that would otherwise reveal that we don’t possess the “powers” to which we pretend.

Either we live in the freedom that we know is real – choosing to embody it in the moment, regardless of the cost – or we wave a flag called “liberty tomorrow” and suffer the indignity of serving what has already betrayed us.

Break Through the Illusion of Limitation

Here are two lists that not only will make these life-healing ideas more personal for you, but that will help you to make a higher choice when it comes to what you really want from life. It would be valuable to study and then compare the lists to each other. You are often nervous and anxious because life may not cooperate with your plans.

You are willing to sacrifice whatever it takes to get what you want, and this may include integrity.

You are unable to rest quietly when you need to.

Now carefully consider what happens when you want what life wants:

You are never disappointed with what happens.

You are always in the right place at the right time.

You are quietly confident no matter what the circumstances.

You are out of the reach of anger and anxiety.

You are awake and sensitive to your surroundings.

You are free of ever feeling as though you’ve missed out.

You are never thrown for a loss.

You are in total command of events.

You are mentally quiet.

You are eternally grateful.

Special Key Lessons in Review
The true source of abundance is the silent mind, for in its fertile quietude rests all potential, all power, and all promise.

The past is as powerless to darken the present moment as is a shadow to reach up and drag down the form that casts it.

Work to connect yourself to the “allness “ of life, instead of identifying with the smallness of it, and you’ll awaken to a greatness already living within you that is no more bothered by the little things in life than a mountain is made miserable by the rain that falls upon it.

Your True Self cannot be made a captive of any dark condition any more than a sunbeam can be caught in a bottle.

Take Conscious Command of Yourself

Stop This Secret Self-Sabotage
As always, the best way to begin any journey of self-discovery is to gather the Light we’ll need to succeed. Your consideration of the two special insights that follow will start you down the path to a whole new kind of self-command.

Because anyone from whom you want something, psychologically speaking, is always in secret command of you.

If you doubt this finding, review the past interactions and results of your own relationships. If you’ve ever tried to raise children, you know this is true. So it makes no sense to try and change the way others treat you by leaning calculated behaviors or attitude techniques in order to appear in charge. The only thing these clever cover-ups really produce is yet another source of secret inner conflict, which, in turn, only fuels further self-sabotage. So what’s the answer?

Stop trying to be strong. Don’t be too surprised by this unusual instruction. A brief examination reveals its wisdom. Fawning before people to win their favor.

Expressing contrived concern for someone’s well-being.

Making small talk to cover up nervousness.

Hanging on to someone’s every word.

Looking for someone’s approval.

Asking if someone is angry with you.

Fishing for a kind word.

Gossiping.

Special Key Lessons in Review
Any concern over what others may think of you is a secret form of captivity, an unseen prison cell created by the false and painful belief that you are real – and your life worthwhile – only if others say it’s so!

If common social convention – with all its contrivance and hypocrisy – has one redeeming value, it is this: The happy day may come when we realize that our lives have been spent conversing with thieves, making plans with liars, and listening to promises of people, most of whom are incapable of a single act of integrity. This day of our awakening is the same as the delightful date of our departure from a bankrupt world filled with beggars dressed as kings and queens.

Realize the Invisible Heart of Happy Human Relationships

Here are friendly facts to help us let go and grow more spiritually independent:

No matter how it may appear on the surface of human events, self-interest governs individuals.

Even the typical display of human kindness or benevolence comes not from that person’s compassionate nature but from his unconscious desire to enrich himself with the intoxicating feelings of being a good person. Forget to thank him or acknowledge his generosity, and watch how quickly his goodness turns into repressed resentment or outward indignation.

There is a secret and miraculous part of yourself that only reveals itself when you are willing to stand in the light of the truth about yourself and others. Welcome this light and you will discover that a wise and uncompromised inner strength is patiently waiting for you to fulfil the laws that govern its entrance into your life.

Special Key Lessons in Review
The pretense of kindness, of being loving, does not make those qualities real in us any more than an actor who plays the role of a talking tree in a play by Shakespeare is endowed with the strength of an oak!

Our sole task is to be responsible for what is – and to allow this relationship with life to produce what it will.

Learn never to blame another for the pain you feel, nor to complain about anything that life brings to your door, but this doesn’t mean to be accepting of those who would see you ache, nor should you be apathetic in the face of anything that challenges your hopes and aspirations.

One reason that judging others so appeals to the level of self that sits in such judgment of them… is that the comfort found in sentencing others for their “defects” serves to convince us of our perfection.

Realize Your True Self in Stillness
It dwells in the center of us; it is our True Self. We plumb the unknown worlds within ourselves, and the lands we explore are reclaimed by the Light that reveals them.

Stillness is the path of revelation; no other path to the truth of yourself exists, because the freedom you long to be found is only in one place: within your awareness of the evergreen flowering of life endlessly releasing itself through rebirth.

Be still and be free.

Special Key Lessons in Review
Silence is that silver cup that life fills over and over again without ever filling up.

Self-surrender is not the acceptance of our limitations, but the only true way to transcend them.

The only strength that never turns into its unhappy opposite is the higher self-understanding that you are not, and never have been, your weakness.

Be One with the Light of Life

Solve the Mystery of Living in the Light
Here now are some ways to practice realizing the truth of your Self. Each case begins with remembering to make the new choice that follows:

Instead of surrendering yourself to its punishing presence, bring your loneliness into the Light of your Self. If you will remain there within your awareness of this “darkness,” here’s what you’ll see take place before your inner eyes: the fear of being alone will be transformed into the contentment of knowing that you have never been without the love that you long for. You will see that a tenderness beyond words lives within the Light you have embraced.

Bring your fear and worry about “tomorrow” into the Light of your Self. Remain there in your awareness of these frightening shadows, and here’s what you’ll see unfold before your inner eyes: you’ll watch these dark doubts dissolve into an unquestioned knowing that no time to come has power over the peace of being in the present moment. You will see that serenity is one of with the life of the Light you have chosen to be.

When visited by some sense of loss or emptiness, bring it into the Light of your Self. For your willingness to be inwardly watchful, you will see that the Light of your Self reaches everywhere in the universe… so how could you ever be alone? All that lives… lives within the Light of your Self.

Special Key Lessons in Review
Real fearlessness comes with knowing that you have everything you need to succeed in the same moment that it’s needed.

When it comes to “What should I do?” about the painful negative states we see in ourselves, here is all we need to know: what is condemned remains concealed; what is concealed never heals.

Into each of our lives comes some fight that must be made; however, the key to true self-victory is not that we “win” at all costs, but rather than we always choose in favor of the Light that ensures we remain true, kind, and innocent in spite of the cost.

Summary of a Story without End

What is Truth?
But the moment revealed.

What is Light?
But good concealed.

BestSummaries.com is a book summary service that provides summaries of top self-help, motivational and inspirational books where you can learn–in minutes– what it takes to live life and live it well.  BestSummaries sends out one book summary every week in PDF, PDA, audio and/or print formats.  For more information, please go to http://www.bestsum.com.

~///~

Miami, Florida, April 2, 2009—BusinessSummaries.com, one of the leading e-commerce sites for business book summaries, announces that Al Betz, acclaimed author of Outfluence (published by Silverbear Graphics, 2008), is the Author of the Month for April 2009.

Al Betz is the Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Outfluence, LLC. He has a nationwide reputation as a realtime reporter, an author, and a leader in the court reporting world. Major legal matters he and his company participated in include the grand jury investigation of the Clinton Administration, and the recent litigation involving alleged accounting fraud of Ernst & Young, WorldCom and Enron.

As an author, Betz has interviewed and transcribed the stories of numerous subjects, including families of 9/11 victims in an effort to preserve their loved ones’ life stories. He credits his Outfluence approach to life and to business for enabling him to attract positive people to his life and to his business.

Outfluence is defined by Betz as a way to effect real, positive change – even if one doesn’t have all the authority, money, or clout that is usually required to effect such change. Applied consciously, outfluence creates a powerful, irresistible message that promotes growth in personal lives, relationships and businesses.

Outfluence turns conventional thinking about influence upside down – making a powerful force available to anyone who chooses to use it. Betz’s book on the topic, Outfluence, introduces the power of silent communication and teaches principles and behaviors to help people become more effective in their day-to-day interactions. It will also teach them that the effort extended to show others that we care makes an impression – whether our approach is in the form of speaking, writing, listening, or practicing patience and respect. Read more about Betz and his groundbreaking book at http://www.outfluenceonline.com/Al-Betz.html

The BusinessSummaries.com editorial staff interviewed Betz about his book and the story behind it. Key excerpts from the interview are posted at http://www.bizsum.com/author-of-the-month-april2009.php. The summary of Outfluence  was released to BusinessSummaries.com’s subscribers on February 9, 2009.

Every week, subscribers enjoy business book summaries of today’s business bestsellers in PDF, PDA, Powerpoint, audio, video and mindmap formats. The latest versions of the book summaries are all available online upon subscription to BusinessSummaries.com.